产品订购信息：
英文名称  Anti-phospho-Tau protein(Ser416) 

中文名称   磷酸化微管相关蛋白抗体说明书 

别    名  MAPT(phospho S416); MAPT; Microtuble-associted protein Tau; AI413597; AW045860; DDPAC; Disinhibition dementia parkinsonism amyotrophy complex; FLJ31424; FTDP 17; FTDP17; G Protein beta 1 gamma 2 subunit interacting factor 1; G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit interacting factor 1; MAPTL; MGC134287; MGC138549; MGC156663; Microtubule associated protein tau isoform 4; MSTD; Mtapt; MTBT1; MTBT2; Neurofibrillary tangle protein; Paired helical filament tau; PHF tau; PHF-tau; PPND; pTau; RNPTAU; Tauopathy and respiratory failure, included; TAU_HUMAN.

浓    度   1mg/1ml

规 格  0.1ml/100μg

抗体来源   Rabbit

克隆类型   polyclonal

交叉反应   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Cow, Horse 

产品类型   一抗 磷酸化抗体  

研究领域    免疫学 神经生物学 信号转导 转录调节因子

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 83kDa

性    状   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human MAPT isoform 2 around the phosphorylation site of Ser416 [TG(p-S)ID] 

亚    型   IgG

纯化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

储 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

磷酸化微管相关蛋白抗体说明书 产品应用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蜡切片需做抗原修复） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存条件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

产品介绍 Tau proteins are important Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by tau localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization. Tau proteins subcellular located in the axons of neurons, in the cytoso l and in association with plasma membrane components. It expressed in neurons. PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.

Function : Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its stabilization.

Subunit : Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1. Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated. Interacts with FKBP4. Binds to CSNK1D. Interacts with SGK1.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, axon. Note=Mostly found in the axons of neurons, in the cytosol and in association with plasma membrane components.

Tissue Specificity : Expressed in neurons. Isoform PNS-tau is expressed in the peripheral nervous system while the others are expressed in the central nervous system.

Post-translational modifications : Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1: CDK1, CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1 or MARK2), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tAU/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by GlcNAcylation on Ser-717.

Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome. PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur.

O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%.

Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD.

DISEASE : Note=In Alzheimer disease, the neuronal cytoskeleton in the brain is progressively disrupted and replaced by tangles of paired helical filaments (PHF) and straight filaments, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated forms of TAU (PHF-TAU or AD P-TAU). O-GlcNAcylation is greatly reduced in Alzheimer disease brain cerebral cortex leading to an increase in TAU/MAPT phosphorylations.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:600274]; also called frontotemporal dementia (FTD), pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) or historically termed Pick complex. This form of frontotemporal dementia is characterized by presenile dementia with behavioral changes, deterioration of cognitive capacities and loss of memory. In some cases, parkinsonian symptoms are prominent. Neuropathological changes include frontotemporal atrophy often associated with atrophy of the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, amygdala. In most cases, protein tau deposits are found in glial cells and/or neurons.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of Pick disease of the brain (PIDB) [MIM:172700]. It is a rare form of dementia pathologically defined by severe atrophy, neuronal loss and gliosis. It is characterized by the occurrence of tau-positive inclusions, swollen neurons (Pick cells) and argentophilic neuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies that disproportionally affect the frontal and temporal cortical regions. Clinical features include aphasia, apraxia, confusion, anomia, memory loss and personality deterioration.

Note=Defects in MAPT are a cause of corticobasal degeneration (CBD). It is marked by extrapyramidal signs and apraxia and can be associated with memory loss. Neuropathologic features may overlap Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson disease.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of progressive supranuclear palsy type 1 (PSNP1) [MIM:601104]; also abbreviated as PSP and also known as Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. PSNP1 is characterized by akinetic-rigid syndrome, supranuclear gaze palsy, pyramidal tract dysfunction, pseudobulbar signs and cognitive capacities deterioration. Neurofibrillary tangles and gliosis but no amyloid plaques are found in diseased brains. Most cases appear to be sporadic, with a significant association with a common haplotype including the MAPT gene and the flanking regions. Familial cases show an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission with incomplete penetrance; genetic analysis of a few cases showed the occurrence of tau mutations, including a deletion of Asn-613.

Defects in MAPT are a cause of Parkinson-dementia syndrome (PARDE) [MIM:260540]. A syndrome characterized by parkinsonism tremor, rigidity, dementia, ophthalmoparesis and pyramidal signs. Neurofibrillary degeneration occurs in the hippocampus, basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei.

Similarity : Contains 4 Tau/MAP repeats.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P10636.5

P-tau蛋白是脑内神经元细胞支架蛋白之一。其正常功能是促进微管蛋白组成微管，并维持已形成微管的稳定性。参与维持细胞形态、信息传递、细胞分裂等重要生物学过程，是轴突和神经元极性形成的不可缺少因素。近年来发现tau蛋白与一些中枢变性疾病密切相关,尤其是神经Tau具有启动微管系统的装配以及稳定微管系统的作用，该蛋白的错误折叠与等神经退行性疾病密切相关。

FGF-6 human 人成纤维生长因子-6Multi-class antibodies规格： 45T

Anti-CANX 钙连蛋白抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh Nox4/NADH NADPH氧化酶4抗体 规格 0.1ml

Human T-box protein 3 ELISA Kit(human) 人转录因子Tbx3 ELISA试剂盒 96T

TSLC1 英文名称： 细胞粘附分子1抗体 0.1ml

C6ORF199 英文名称： 6号染色体开放阅读框199抗体 0.2ml

Anti-CANX 钙连蛋白抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

bFGF-9 ELISA Kit 大鼠碱性成纤维细胞生长因子9Multi-class antibodies规格： 48T

Anti-ApoH/FITC 荧光素标记载脂蛋白H抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh FAM50B FAM50B蛋白抗体 规格 0.2ml

IL-17(Human Interleukin 17) ELISA Kit 人白介素17 96T

MRPS22 英文名称： 线粒体核糖体蛋白S22抗体 0.1ml

Aspartate Aminotransferase 英文名称： 谷草转酶抗体 0.2ml

Anti-ApoH/FITC 荧光素标记载脂蛋白H抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Anti-Thymosin Alpha-1/FITC 荧光素标记胸腺肽 α-1抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor3) 活化转录因子3抗原Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

Spindlin 1/SPIN-2 形成相关基因抗体 Anti-Spindlin 1/SPIN-2 0.2ml

SCN1B 英文名称： 离子通道β1抗体 0.1ml

ER-Alpha 英文名称： 雌激素受体α抗体(用于western blot) 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-MAP4(Ser941) 磷酸化微管相关蛋白4抗体 规格 0.1ml

ATF3 (Activating Transcription Factor3) 活化转录因子3抗原Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

大鼠免疫球蛋白E(IgE)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： IgE ELISA Kit

人内皮抑素(ES)ELISA检测试剂盒HumanEndostatin,ESELISAKit 96T/48T

鸭生长激素1(GH1)免疫试剂盒 Duck growth hormone growth hormone 1,GH1 ELISA kit

CLIAKitforPACAP(Humanpituitaryadenylatecyclaseactivatingpolypeptide)ELISAKit人垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽规格：48T/96T

水中肠球菌(Eerococci)基因荧光定量检测试剂盒20次

ELISAKitLCA/CD45人白细胞共同抗原规格：48T/96T

大鼠不对称二甲基精酸(ADMA)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： ADMA ELISA Kit

Mouse p53 (p53) ELISA Kit 小鼠p53(p53)ELISA试剂盒

ELISA 小鼠多巴胺(mouse Dopamine) 48T/96T 进口分装

CLIAKitforLBP(Humanlipolysaccharidebindingprotein)ELISAKit人脂多糖结合蛋白规格：48T/96T

通用型vero毒素大肠杆菌志贺氏毒素-2(VTEC-Shigatoxin2)试剂盒20次

ELISAKitLv/Vn红螯光壳螯虾卵黄脂磷蛋白规格：48T/96T

磷酸化微管相关蛋白抗体说明书 大鼠低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)ELISA 试剂盒 96T/48T 试剂盒 组装/原装

人内皮型合成酶(eNOS)免疫试剂盒 Human Endothelial niic oxide syhase,eNOS ELISA Kit

MousesubstancePreceptor,SP-RELISAKit小鼠P物质受体(SP-R)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

冰冻切片组织线粒体复合物I蛋白表达NBT显色光学显微镜检测试剂盒10/20次

HumanplateletmembraneglycoproteinⅣ,GP-ⅣELISA试剂盒人血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅳ(GP-Ⅳ)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

HumanSomelysin-1,ST1ELISAKit人基质裂解素(ST1)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

抗体的生物素化标记实验要点：

1. 磷酸化微管相关蛋白抗体说明书 如在反应混合液中有叠氮钠或游离氨基存在,会抑制标记反应。因此,蛋白质在反应前要对 0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠缓冲液或0.5mol/L硼酸缓冲液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白质之间的分子比按蛋白质表面的ε-氨基的密度会有所不同,选择不当则影响标记的效率,应先用几个不同的分子比来筛选最适条件；

3.用NHSB量过量也是不利的,抗原的结合位点可能因此被封闭,导致抗体失活；

4.由于抗体的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此时可加入去污剂如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.当游离ε-氨基(赖氨酸残基的氨基)存在于抗体的抗原结合位点时,或位于酶的催化位点时,生物素化会降低或损伤抗体蛋白的结合力或活性；

6.生物素还可能与不同的功能基团,如羰基、氨基、巯基、异咪唑基及苯酚基,也可与糖基共价结合；

7.交联反应后,应充分透析,否则,残余的生物素会对生物素化抗体与亲和素的结合产生竞争作用；

8.在细胞的荧光标记实验中,中和亲和素的本底低,但由于链霉亲和素含有少量正电荷,故对某些细胞可导致高本底。

抗体的鉴定：

1）磷酸化微管相关蛋白抗体说明书 抗体的效价鉴定：不管是用于诊断还是用于,制备抗体的目的都是要求较高效价。不同的抗原制备的抗体,要求的效价不一。鉴定效价的方法很多,包括有试管凝集反应,琼脂扩散试验,酶联免疫吸附试验等。常用的抗原所制备的抗体一般都有约成的鉴定效价的方法,以资比较。如制备抗抗体的效价,一般就采用琼脂扩散试验来鉴定。

2）抗体的特异性鉴定：抗体的特异性是指与相应抗原或近似抗原物质的识别能力。抗体的特异性高,它的识别能力就强。衡量特异性通常以交叉反应率来表示。交叉反应率可用竞争抑制试验测定。以不同浓度抗原和近似抗原分别做竞争抑制曲线,计算各自的结合率,求出各自在IC50时的浓度,并按公式计算交叉反应率。 

如果所用抗原浓度IC50浓度为pg/管,而一些近似抗原物质的IC50浓度几乎是无穷大时,表示这一抗血清与其他抗原物质的交叉反应率近似为0,即该血清的特异性较好。

3）抗体亲和力：是指抗体和抗原结合的牢固程度。亲和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗体分子的结合位点与抗原决定簇之间立体构型的合适度决定的。有助于维持抗原抗体复合物稳定的分子间力有氢键,疏水键,侧链相反电荷基因的库仑力,范德华力和空间斥力。亲和力常以亲和常数K表示,K的单位是L/mol。抗体亲和力的测定对抗体的筛选,确定抗体的用途,验证抗体的均一性等均有重要意义。