抗体的生物素化标记实验要点：

1. 磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白(性硬化)抗体规格 如在反应混合液中有叠氮钠或游离氨基存在,会抑制标记反应。因此,蛋白质在反应前要对 0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠缓冲液或0.5mol/L硼酸缓冲液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白质之间的分子比按蛋白质表面的ε-氨基的密度会有所不同,选择不当则影响标记的效率,应先用几个不同的分子比来筛选最适条件；

3.用NHSB量过量也是不利的,抗原的结合位点可能因此被封闭,导致抗体失活；

4.由于抗体的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此时可加入去污剂如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.当游离ε-氨基(赖氨酸残基的氨基)存在于抗体的抗原结合位点时,或位于酶的催化位点时,生物素化会降低或损伤抗体蛋白的结合力或活性；

6.生物素还可能与不同的功能基团,如羰基、氨基、巯基、异咪唑基及苯酚基,也可与糖基共价结合；

7.交联反应后,应充分透析,否则,残余的生物素会对生物素化抗体与亲和素的结合产生竞争作用；

8.在细胞的荧光标记实验中,中和亲和素的本底低,但由于链霉亲和素含有少量正电荷,故对某些细胞可导致高本底。

产品订购信息：
英文名称  Anti-Phospho-Tuberin/TSC2 (Ser1254) 

中文名称   磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白(性硬化)抗体规格 

别    名  FLJ43106; LAM; TSC2; TSC2_HUMAN; TSC4; Tuberin; Tuberous sclerosis 2 protein.

浓    度   1mg/1ml

规 格  0.1ml/100μg

抗体来源   Rabbit

克隆类型   polyclonal

交叉反应   Human, Mouse, Rat 

产品类型   一抗 磷酸化抗体  

研究领域     心 细胞生物 免疫学 神经生物学 细胞凋亡

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 200kDa

性    状   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated Synthesised phosphopeptide derived from human Tuberin around the phosphorylation site of Ser1254 [SL(p-S)VP] 

亚    型   IgG

纯化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

储 存 液   0.01M PBS, pH 7.4 with 10 mg/ml BSA and 0.1% Sodium azide

磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白(性硬化)抗体规格 产品应用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IP=1:20-100 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蜡切片需做抗原修复） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存条件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

产品介绍 Tuberin, or TSC2 (Tuberous sclerosis complex), is implicated as a tumor suppressor. It may function in vesicular transport, and may also play a role in the regulation of cell growth arrest and in the regulation of transcription mediated by steroid receptors. Interaction between hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin may facilitate vesicular docking. It specifically stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras related protein RAP1A and RAB5, suggesting a possible mechanism for its role in regulating cellular growth. Mutations in tuberin lead to constitutive activation of RAP1A in tumors. At least three isoforms of Tuberin exist.

Function : In complex with TSC1, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase RHEB, a direct activator of the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Implicated as a tumor suppressor. Involved in microtubule-mediated protein transport, but this seems to be due to unregulated mTOR signaling. Stimulates weakly the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Ras-related proteins RAP1A and RAB5 in vitro. Mutations in TSC2 lead to constitutive activation of RAP1A in tumors.

Subunit : Interacts with TSC1 and HERC1; the interaction with TSC1 stabilizes TSC2 and prevents the interaction with HERC1. May also interact with the adapter molecule RABEP1. The final complex contains TSC2 and RABEP1 linked to RAB5 (Probable). Interacts with HSPA1 and HSPA8. Interacts with DAPK1.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=At steady state found in association with membranes.

Tissue Specificity : Liver, brain, heart, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, biliary epithelium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung and placenta.

Post-translational modifications : Phosphorylation at Ser-1387, Ser-1418 or Ser-1420 does not affect interaction with TSC1. Phosphorylation at Ser-939 and Thr-1462 by PKB/AKT1 is induced by growth factor stimulation. Phosphorylation by AMPK activates it and leads to negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex. Phosphorylated at Ser-1798 by RPS6KA1; phosphorylation inhibits TSC2 ability to suppress mTORC1 signaling. Phosphorylated by DAPK1.

DISEASE : Defects in TSC2 are the cause of tuberous sclerosis type 2 (TSC2) [MIM:613254]. TSC2 is an autosomal dominant multi-system disorder that affects especially the brain, kidneys, heart, and skin. It is characterized by hamartomas (benign overgrowths predominantly of a cell or tissue type that occurs normally in the organ) and hamartias (developmental abnormalities of tissue combination). Clinical symptoms can range from benign hypopigmented macules of the skin to profound mental retardation with intractable seizures to premature death from a variety of disease-associated causes.

Defects in TSC2 are a cause of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) [MIM:606690]. LAM is a progressive and often fatal lung disease characterized by a diffuse proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs. It affects almost exclusively young women and can occur as an isolated disorder or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P49815.2

Tuberin 为180kD-220的蛋白产生于性硬化（TSC-2）位于染色体16的基因。性硬化为常染色体疾病已知为斑痣性错构瘤病其特征为广泛性发展呈良性生长，在许多组织与器官中描述为错构瘤。Tuberin被认为在GTPase活动性蛋白中起作用调节细胞内吞与作为抑制子。Tuberin低水平广泛性表达在大多数组织中，而在皮层神经元、小脑浦肯野氏细胞、脊索运动神经元、胰岛B细胞、心肌、*与皮肤的小中表达增加。

抗体的鉴定：

1）磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白(性硬化)抗体规格 抗体的效价鉴定：不管是用于诊断还是用于,制备抗体的目的都是要求较高效价。不同的抗原制备的抗体,要求的效价不一。鉴定效价的方法很多,包括有试管凝集反应,琼脂扩散试验,酶联免疫吸附试验等。常用的抗原所制备的抗体一般都有约成的鉴定效价的方法,以资比较。如制备抗抗体的效价,一般就采用琼脂扩散试验来鉴定。

2）抗体的特异性鉴定：抗体的特异性是指与相应抗原或近似抗原物质的识别能力。抗体的特异性高,它的识别能力就强。衡量特异性通常以交叉反应率来表示。交叉反应率可用竞争抑制试验测定。以不同浓度抗原和近似抗原分别做竞争抑制曲线,计算各自的结合率,求出各自在IC50时的浓度,并按公式计算交叉反应率。 

如果所用抗原浓度IC50浓度为pg/管,而一些近似抗原物质的IC50浓度几乎是无穷大时,表示这一抗血清与其他抗原物质的交叉反应率近似为0,即该血清的特异性较好。

3）抗体亲和力：是指抗体和抗原结合的牢固程度。亲和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗体分子的结合位点与抗原决定簇之间立体构型的合适度决定的。有助于维持抗原抗体复合物稳定的分子间力有氢键,疏水键,侧链相反电荷基因的库仑力,范德华力和空间斥力。亲和力常以亲和常数K表示,K的单位是L/mol。抗体亲和力的测定对抗体的筛选,确定抗体的用途,验证抗体的均一性等均有重要意义。

MAP1LC3A(microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) 自噬微管相关蛋白轻链3抗原Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

Anti-CAS/CSE1 细胞凋亡敏感性基因Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh PDCD10 凋亡相关蛋白10抗体 规格 0.2ml

CEACAM6 Kit Human 人 CEACAM6 / CD66c ELISA配对抗体 ELISA

TRPM5 英文名称： 瞬时受体电位离子通道蛋白5抗体(M亚家族) 0.2ml

CXCL10 英文名称： CXCL10趋化因子10/干扰素诱导蛋白10抗体 0.1ml

Anti-CAS/CSE1 细胞凋亡敏感性基因Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.1ml

NPY2R(Neuropeptide Y Receptor Type 2) 神经肽Y受体2(多肽)Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

Anti-AQP9 水通道蛋白-9抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-ATG4A(Ser100) 磷酸化自噬相关蛋白4A抗体 规格 0.1ml

山羊抗兔 IgG(H+L)/HRP 0.1ml 美国Jackson公司分装

Histone H2A.X (Ubiquityl Lys119) 英文名称： 泛素化组蛋白H2AX抗体 0.2ml

DDCT 英文名称： D型多巴色素脱羧酶 0.2ml

Anti-AQP9 水通道蛋白-9抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Anti-VIP/FITC 荧光素标记活性肠肽抗体蛋白抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

ChRM3 peptide 毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体M3抗原Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

细胞毒性受体NK-p44抗体 Anti-CD336/NKp44/NCR2 0.1ml

SOX22 英文名称： 核转录因子SOX22抗体 0.2ml

ERp19 英文名称： 内质网蛋白ERp19抗体 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-GABBR2 (Ser892) 磷酸化G氨基B型受体2抗体 规格 0.1ml

ChRM3 peptide 毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体M3抗原Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

大鼠脑红蛋白(NGB)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： NGB ELISA Kit

人Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽(PⅠCP)ELISA检测试剂盒HumanCarboxyterminalpropeptideoftypeⅠprocollagen,PⅠCPELISAKit 96T/48T

羊ELISA试剂盒

CLIAKitforpANCA(HumanPerinuclearai-neuophilcytoplasmicaibody)ELISAKit人抗中性粒细胞核周抗体规格：48T/96T

水样品内毒素浊度法定量检测试剂盒20次

ELISAKitPYD人酚规格：48T/96T

大鼠巢蛋白2(NID2)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： NID2 ELISA Kit

Rat compleme protein 4 (C4) ELISA Kit 大鼠补体蛋白4(C4)ELISA试剂盒

Rat6-keto-prostaglandin,6-K-PGELISAKit 大鼠6酮素(6-K-PG)ELISA试剂盒 96T/48T 进口分装

CLIAKitforCPSA(Humancomplexedprostatespecificaigen)ELISAKit人复合特异性抗原规格：48T/96T

细胞氧化应激活性氧(ROS)比色法定量检测试剂盒(羟自由基)20次

Ratcyclicadenosinemonophosphate,cAMPELISAKit大鼠环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

磷酸化马铃薯球蛋白(性硬化)抗体规格 大鼠叠氮胸苷(AZT)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： AZT ELISA Kit

Porcine somatostatin (SS) ELISA Kit 猪生长抑素(SS)ELISA试剂盒

木瓜特定基因序列(Papaya)核酸检测试剂盒 48T

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