抗体的生物素化标记实验要点：

1. 微管蛋白4α抗体规格 如在反应混合液中有叠氮钠或游离氨基存在,会抑制标记反应。因此,蛋白质在反应前要对 0.1mol/L碳酸氢钠缓冲液或0.5mol/L硼酸缓冲液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待生物素化蛋白质之间的分子比按蛋白质表面的ε-氨基的密度会有所不同,选择不当则影响标记的效率,应先用几个不同的分子比来筛选最适条件；

3.用NHSB量过量也是不利的,抗原的结合位点可能因此被封闭,导致抗体失活；

4.由于抗体的氨基不易接近可能造成生物素化不足,此时可加入去污剂如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.当游离ε-氨基(赖氨酸残基的氨基)存在于抗体的抗原结合位点时,或位于酶的催化位点时,生物素化会降低或损伤抗体蛋白的结合力或活性；

6.生物素还可能与不同的功能基团,如羰基、氨基、巯基、异咪唑基及苯酚基,也可与糖基共价结合；

7.交联反应后,应充分透析,否则,残余的生物素会对生物素化抗体与亲和素的结合产生竞争作用；

8.在细胞的荧光标记实验中,中和亲和素的本底低,但由于链霉亲和素含有少量正电荷,故对某些细胞可导致高本底。

产品订购信息：
英文名称  Anti-TUBA4A 

中文名称   微管蛋白4α抗体规格 

别    名  Alpha tubulin 1; Alpha-tubulin 1; FLJ30169; H2 alpha; TBA4A_HUMAN; Testis specific alpha tubulin; Testis-specific alpha-tubulin; TUBA 4A; TUBA1; Tuba4a; Tubulin alpha 1 (testis specific); Tubulin alpha 1; Tubulin alpha 1 chain; Tubulin alpha 4a; Tubulin alpha 4A chain; Tubulin alpha-1 chain; Tubulin alpha-4A chain; Tubulin H2 alpha; Tubulin H2-alpha.

浓    度   1mg/1ml

规 格  0.1ml/100μg 0.2ml/200μg

抗体来源   Rabbit

克隆类型   polyclonal

交叉反应   Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Pig, Rabbit 

产品类型   一抗  

研究领域    细胞生物 神经生物学 信号转导 细胞骨架 细胞外基质

蛋白分子量  predicted molecular weight: 50kDa

性    状   Lyophilized or Liquid

免 疫 原 KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human TUBA4A 

亚    型   IgG

纯化方法   affinity purified by Protein A

储 存 液   Preservative: 15mM Sodium Azide, Constituents: 1% BSA, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4

微管蛋白4α抗体规格 产品应用    WB=1:100-500 ELISA=1:500-1000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 ICC=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500

（石蜡切片需做抗原修复） 

 not yet tested in other applications.

 optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.  

保存条件  Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. 

Important Note  This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications. 

产品介绍 Tubulin is a major cytoskeleton component that has five distinct forms, designated a, b, g, d and e tubulin. a and b tubulins form heterodimers which multimerize to form a microtubule filament. Multiple b Tubulin isoforms (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6 and b8) have been characterized and are expressed in mammalian tissues. b1 and b4 are present throughout the cytosol, b2 is present in the nuclei and nucleoplasm, and b3 is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein. g Tubulin forms the gammasome, which is required for nucleating microtubule filaments at the centrosome. Both d Tubulin and e Tubulin are associated with the centrosome. d Tubulin is a homolog of the Chlamydomonas d Tubulin Uni3 and is found in association with the centrioles, whereas e Tubulin localizes to the pericentriolar material. e Tubulin exhibits a cell cycle-specific pattern of localization; first associating with only the older of the centrosomes in a newly duplicated pair, and later associating with both centrosomes.

Function : Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain.

Subunit : Dimer of alpha and beta chains.

Subcellular Location : Cytoplasm; cytoskeleton.

Post-translational modifications : Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated. This modification occurs exclusively on glutamate residues and results in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Also monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human.

Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of such modifications is still unclear but they regulate the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules. Acetylation of alpha-tubulins at Lys-40 stabilizes microtubules and affects affinity and processivity of microtubule motors. This modification has a role in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signaling.

Similarity : Belongs to the tubulin family.

Database links : UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: P68366.1

抗体的鉴定：

1）微管蛋白4α抗体规格 抗体的效价鉴定：不管是用于诊断还是用于,制备抗体的目的都是要求较高效价。不同的抗原制备的抗体,要求的效价不一。鉴定效价的方法很多,包括有试管凝集反应,琼脂扩散试验,酶联免疫吸附试验等。常用的抗原所制备的抗体一般都有约成的鉴定效价的方法,以资比较。如制备抗抗体的效价,一般就采用琼脂扩散试验来鉴定。

2）抗体的特异性鉴定：抗体的特异性是指与相应抗原或近似抗原物质的识别能力。抗体的特异性高,它的识别能力就强。衡量特异性通常以交叉反应率来表示。交叉反应率可用竞争抑制试验测定。以不同浓度抗原和近似抗原分别做竞争抑制曲线,计算各自的结合率,求出各自在IC50时的浓度,并按公式计算交叉反应率。 

如果所用抗原浓度IC50浓度为pg/管,而一些近似抗原物质的IC50浓度几乎是无穷大时,表示这一抗血清与其他抗原物质的交叉反应率近似为0,即该血清的特异性较好。

3）抗体亲和力：是指抗体和抗原结合的牢固程度。亲和力的高低是由抗原分子的大小,抗体分子的结合位点与抗原决定簇之间立体构型的合适度决定的。有助于维持抗原抗体复合物稳定的分子间力有氢键,疏水键,侧链相反电荷基因的库仑力,范德华力和空间斥力。亲和力常以亲和常数K表示,K的单位是L/mol。抗体亲和力的测定对抗体的筛选,确定抗体的用途,验证抗体的均一性等均有重要意义。

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Secretin 分泌素(抗原)Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

Trop-2抗体 Anti-Trop-2 0.1ml

SCN4B 英文名称： 通道亚基β4抗体 0.2ml

Ephrin B3 英文名称： 酪酸蛋白激酶B3抗体 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh phospho-IRS1(Ser302) 磷酸化受体底物-1抗体 规格 0.1ml

Secretin 分泌素(抗原)Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

DYKDDDDK Tag(CT)/Flag-Tag 标签DYKDDDDK Tag分支肽Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.5mg

Anti-5-HTR4 5-羟色胺受体4抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh Phospho-c-Kit(Ser721) 磷酸化原癌基因c-kit抗体 规格 0.1ml

羊抗人白蛋白 0.5ml 国产

XRCC4 英文名称： X射线修复交叉互补蛋白4抗体 0.2ml

C21orf106 英文名称： 21号染色体开放阅读框106抗体 0.2ml

Anti-5-HTR4 5-羟色胺受体4抗体Multi-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Anti-Phospho-c-Fos (Th*5) /FITC 荧光素标记兔抗人、大、小鼠磷酸化c-fos抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Anti-IL-23R/FITC 荧光素标记抗白介素-23受体抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

Rhesus antibody Rh CD133 antigen 造血干细胞抗原CD133抗体 规格 0.1ml

Klf4 (Kruppel likefactor 4) 肠道内富含的Kruppel样因子抗原 0.5mg

CD275 英文名称： 诱导协同刺激分子配体CD275抗体 0.1ml

Rhesus antibody Rh SREBP-2 胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白2抗体 规格 0.1ml

Anti-IL-23R/FITC 荧光素标记抗白介素-23受体抗体IgGMulti-class antibodies规格： 0.2ml

人白介素5(IL-5)ELISA 试剂盒 96T/48T 试剂盒 组装/原装

兔子神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)免疫试剂盒 Rabbit Neuron-specific enolase,NSE ELISA Kit

生长激素释放因子(GH-RF)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： GH-RF ELISA Kit

Porcinediamineoxidase,DAOELISA试剂盒猪氧化酶(DAO)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

Human5-hydroxyindolaceticacid,5-HIAAELISA试剂盒人5羟基吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

humanai-neuophilcytoplasmicaibody,cANCAELISAKit人抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(cANCA)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

大鼠羧化不全骨钙素(ucOC)ELISA试剂盒 ，英文名： ucOC ELISA Kit

人解整合素样金属蛋白酶8(ADAM8)ELISA检测试剂盒HumanADisiegrinAndMetalloprotease8,ADAM8ELISAKit 96T/48T

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CLIAKitforPro-ANP(HumanProAialNaiureticPeptide)ELISAKit人前心肽规格：48T/96T

石蜡切片组织CDK3蛋白表达荧光显微镜检测试剂盒10/20次

ELISAKitcalnexin人钙联蛋白规格：48T/96T

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人抗原MG7-Ag 免疫试剂盒 Human MG7-Ag ELISA Kit

胰蛋白酶测试盒 紫外分光光度法 50管/48样

Ratplatelet-derivedgrowthfactor-BB,PDGF-BBELISA试剂盒大鼠血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

Humaninsulin-likegrowthfactorsbindingprotein2,IGFBP-2ELISA试剂盒人样生长因子结合蛋白2(IGFBP2)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T

Humanmethoexate,MTXELISAKit人喋呤(MTX)ELISA试剂盒规格：96T/48T